Medical Information

The side effects of Alpelisib can be divided into common self limiting reactions and serious adverse reactions that require medical intervention. Risk can be effectively controlled through graded management, symptomatic treatment, and dosage adjustment. The following systematically elaborates on symptom recognition, treatment measures, and prevention strategies.

1. Common self limiting side effects

(1) Skin flushing, dizziness, fatigue, etc. usually gradually alleviate with treatment adaptation and do not require special treatment. Maintaining sufficient rest and avoiding sudden changes in posture can alleviate symptoms.

(2) Digestive reactions such as heartburn and changes in taste can be alleviated by eating in portions and using antacids. For persistent indigestion, it is recommended to adjust the diet structure and avoid spicy and stimulating foods.

2. Serious side effects requiring medical intervention

(1) High blood sugar management

Symptoms such as abnormal thirst and polyuria require immediate blood glucose testing. Assess risk factors before treatment (such as BMI ≥ 30), monitor fasting blood glucose weekly for the first 2 weeks, and check HbA1c for 3 months. Grade 2 or above hyperglycemia requires the suspension of medication and the use of hypoglycemic regimens such as metformin.

(2) Severe skin reaction

Stevens Johnson syndrome and other conditions require permanent discontinuation of medication. In the early stage of rash, antihistamines can be used in combination to prevent aggravation, and dermatologists should be consulted for all levels of rash. If mucosal damage or fever occurs, seek medical attention immediately.

(3) Pneumonia and Diarrhea

Newly developed cough and difficulty breathing require medication suspension to rule out pneumonia. Diarrhea should be treated with antidiarrheal therapy and electrolyte supplementation after 24 hours. Diarrhea of grade 3 or above should be reduced to 250mg/day, and medication should be permanently discontinued for grade 4.

3. Preventive measures

(1) Screening for pregnancy status before treatment, patients of childbearing age should strictly use contraception until one week after the last dose. Male patients should use condoms to prevent embryonic toxicity.

(2) Avoid the combination of strong inducers of CYP3A4 and BCRP inhibitors to prevent abnormal fluctuations in blood drug concentration. During the medication period, it is prohibited to receive live vaccines.

(3) Establish a symptom diary to record the time and severity of adverse reactions, and provide a complete medication history to assist doctors in evaluating during follow-up visits.