What are the side effects of metoprolol? Nausea, dizziness, and adrenal cortex dysfunction
As an 11- β hydroxylase inhibitor, the side effects of metoprolol mainly involve endocrine disorders and gastrointestinal reactions, and in severe cases, may lead to adrenal cortex dysfunction. The following provides a detailed explanation from three aspects: common side effects, symptoms to be aware of, and special precautions.
Common tolerable side effects
1. Digestive system reactions
(1) The incidence of nausea and vomiting is about 30% -40%, mostly occurring in the early stages of medication; (2) Decreased appetite and abdominal discomfort often occur together; (3) Diarrhea is mostly mild and can be relieved by adjusting the medication time.
2. Symptoms of the nervous system
(1) The incidence of dizziness is about 15% -25%, which is related to orthostatic hypotension; (2) Headaches are often transient; (3) Symptoms of drowsiness suggest avoiding driving operations.
Serious side effects to be wary of
1. Adrenal cortex dysfunction
(1) Manifested as extreme fatigue and low blood pressure; (2) Possible occurrence of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia; (3) Regular monitoring of cortisol levels is required to adjust the dosage.
2. Allergic reactions
(1) Rash accompanied by itching; (2) Facial edema; (3) Severe cases may result in bronchospasm.
Special precautions
1. Drug interactions
(1) Combined use with antihypertensive drugs enhances the antihypertensive effect; (2) Alcohol exacerbates central inhibition; (3) Be alert to the effects of CYP3A4 inhibitors.
2. Monitoring requirements
(1) Evaluate adrenal function before treatment; (2) Regularly check electrolytes during medication; (3) If persistent vomiting occurs, seek medical attention immediately.
Disclaimer：《What are the side effects of metoprolol? Nausea, dizziness, and adrenal cortex dysfunction》Edited and sorted by Seagull Pharmacy's editors. Please contact us in time if there is any infringement. In addition, the suggestions for drug usage, dosage and disease mentioned in the article are only for medical staff's reference, and can not be used as any basis for medication！